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This second edition is a translated English-language version of Dirk Dujesiefken and Walter Liese’s 2022 The CODIT Principle German text.

The CODIT Principle summarizes current knowledge about tree biology, tree wound responses, and the implications for professional tree care. Trees in the human environment must cope with many changes to their surroundings over the course of their lifespan, including soil compaction, paving, root damage caused by excavation work, crown pruning, collision damage, and vandalism.

To illustrate how trees deal with these factors, this book first describes the structure and function of bark, wood, and cambium as well as how these tissues respond to wounds. The CODIT Principle vividly describes the reactions of trees in successive phases, from injury to the encapsulation of rot. This explains why some wounds have problematic consequences for the tree and others do not. Additionally, this book compares the wound responses of bamboo and palm trees to those of trees.

The authors provide practical recommendations for the care and preservation of trees in urban areas—a great resource for arborists, tree inspectors, urban forestry professionals, gardeners and landscapers, municipalities and parks departments, dendrologists, forestry scientists, and biologists.

(2025, softcover, 220 pp.)

*Replaces first edition (2015)